Sunday, March 29, 2026 – Recent research has found that GLP-1s may reduce the need for emergency care in those with chronic migraine. Image Credit: Maskot/Getty Images

A recent study suggests that GLP-1 drugs, like Ozempic, may make people with chronic migraine less likely to require emergency care. 

People using GLP-1s may be less likely to need new preventive migraine medications. 

The study does not prove that GLP-1s lower emergency care needs for people with chronic migraine, but it shows an association. 

More research is needed to determine how GLP-1s could help in the future of migraine management. 

Migraine is a common condition both worldwide and throughout the United States. It may affect females more than males, but anyone can experience migraine. 

According to the American Migraine Foundation, 148 million people worldwide live with migraine.

This condition affects 37 million people in the United States. It is the third most common disease in the world and one of the 10 most disabling conditions. 

Of those who experience migraine, 2% experience chronic migraine. Migraine is considered chronic when a person experiences 15 or more days per month with a headache for more than 3 months. Of these, at least 8 days per month have other features of migraine, such as aura, nausea, and heightened sensitivity to light and sound. 

A recent preliminary study by researchers in Brazil and the United States suggests that GLP-1 medications for weight loss, such as Ozempic and Wegovy, may reduce the need for emergency care among people with chronic migraine compared with those who are treated with topiramate for migraine prevention. 

This study has not yet been published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. It will be presented at the American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting, April 18–22, 2026, being held in Chicago and online. 

“People with chronic migraine often end up in the emergency room, or they need to try several preventive medications before finding one that can work for them,” study author Vitoria Acar, MD, of the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and one of the study authors, said in a press release. 

“Seeing these patterns of lower use of emergency care and lower use of drugs to stop migraines or trying additional drugs to prevent migraines among people taking GLP-1 drugs for other conditions suggests that these therapies may help stabilize the disease burden in ways that we haven’t fully appreciated yet,” Acar said.

GLP-1s lower ER visits for chronic migraine by 10%

For this study, the researchers analyzed data from a health record database of people with chronic migraine based on medical records. 

They compared people who had begun taking a GLP-1 medication for other reasons, like weight loss, within a year of receiving a diagnosis of chronic migraine to individuals who started taking topiramate during the same period. 

Each group consisted of around 11,000 people. The two groups were matched for factors such as: 

age 

body mass index (BMI)

other health conditions 

prior migraine treatments

The GLP-1 medications included in the study were: 

liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza)

semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy)

dulaglutide (Trulicity)

exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon)

lixisenatide (Adlyxin)

albiglutide (Tanzeum, Eperzan)

The researchers found that 23.7% of people using GLP-1 drugs visited the emergency room in the following year. This is compared to 26.4% of those using topiramate. 

Overall, they found that individuals using GLP-1s were 10% less likely to visit the emergency room, 14% less likely to be hospitalized, and around 13% less likely to need a nerve block procedure or receive a triptan prescription than those taking topiramate.

“The mechanisms are not yet fully understood in humans, but preclinical studies point to several overlapping pathways,” said Hsiangkuo (Scott) Yuan, MD, associate professor at Thomas Jefferson University, clinical research director at Jefferson Headache Center, and one of the study authors.

“These include anti-inflammatory effects within the trigeminal pain system, reduction of intracranial pressure through decreased CSF [cerebrospinal fluid] secretion, and modulation of CGRP [calcitonin gene-related peptide] (a key migraine-promoting signaling molecule),” Yuan said.

“Weight loss itself, regardless of how it is achieved, has also been associated with migraine improvement in patients with obesity, as supported by recent meta-analyses, though high quality RCT evidence remains limited,” he told Healthline.

GLP-1s reduce need for new preventive migraine drugs

The researchers also found that the group that was using GLP-1s was less likely to need new preventive migraine medications. 

When compared to those taking topiramate, GLP-1 users were: 

48% less likely to start valproate

42% less likely to start calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies

35% less likely to start tricyclic antidepressants

23% less likely to start the class of drugs called gepants

However, there was no significant difference between the two groups, and the need to begin taking beta-blockers. 

Yuan noted that it is important to remember that this was observational data: it shows an association, not causation. 

“We cannot yet conclude that GLP‑1 RAs treat migraine, and patients should not seek these medications specifically for that purpose outside of a clinical trial or established indication,” he said. 

“It is also worth noting that our comparison with topiramate, which shares a weight loss property, may partly reflect topiramate’s poor real-world tolerability and compliance rather than a true pharmacological advantage of GLP‑1 RAs.” 

However, he also stated that the overall signal is encouraging and justifies further investigation. 

Medhat Mikhael, MD, pain management specialist and medical director of the non-operative program at the Spine Health Center at MemorialCare Orange Coast Medical Center in Fountain Valley, CA, who was not involved in the study, agreed. 

“I believe it is a good start, but it is far too early to consider it as an agent or drug to use for [the] prevention of migraine. We need several large-scale trials to assess safety, particularly in young and middle-aged women, [who] constitute the majority of the population with migraine.”

Treatment for migraine

The main goal of migraine management is to treat the symptoms and prevent future attacks. 

“Managing migraine nowadays has been very advanced, and it depends on the cause and frequency of the migraine,” said Mikhael. 

Some quick steps to ease symptoms include: 

rest or nap in a quiet, dark room

place an ice pack or cool cloth on your forehead

drink plenty of fluids, especially if the migraine causes vomiting

Short-term treatments include: 

triptan drugs

CGRP drugs

over-the-counter medications, such as ibuprofen, aspirin, or acetaminophen

nausea relief medications

Preventive medications include: 

anticonvulsants

beta-blockers

calcium channel blockers

antidepressants

If you experience migraine, speak with your healthcare professional to decide what care plan is best for you.

Sunday, March 29, 2026 – A small study has found that people may be able to maintain their weight loss with fewer GLP-1 injections. Image Credit: Siluk/UCG/Universal Images Group via Getty Images

A recent small study found that reduced GLP-1 frequency may help people maintain their weight loss. 

The study shows that people who dosed as little as once every two months maintained weight loss and other improved health markers. 

Tapering GLP-1s may not be right for everyone, but the researchers suggest it may help reduce long-term medication use. 

People taking GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy to help treat obesity lose an average of 15–20% of their body weight.

These medications are generally considered a long term, potentially lifelong treatment, as studies show that when individuals stop taking them, they often quickly regain the pounds they’ve lost, returning to their original weight within less than two years. 

Yet, 32% of people who begin taking GLP-1 weight loss medications stop within a year due to several reasons, including the high cost and severity of side effects.

However, a recent study published in Obesity suggests that people may be able to maintain their weight loss with fewer doses.

“These findings support structured de-escalation as a promising strategy to reduce treatment burden without sacrificing efficacy,” noted the study authors. 

“Although this study involved a small patient sample, I have had similar experiences in my practice,” said Mir Ali, MD, bariatric surgeon and medical director of MemorialCare Surgical Weight Loss Center at Orange Coast Medical Center in Fountain Valley, CA, who wasn’t involved in the study.

“Many patients who have been successful on GLP-1 medications are able to use a lower dose or less frequent injections to help maintain their weight loss,” Ali told Healthline.

How effective are fewer doses of GLP-1s?

The typical dosing regimen for GLP-1 weight-loss medications is a once-weekly injection. Some types may even recommend a daily injection. 

However, this small study of 30 people suggests that less frequent injections may help people maintain their weight loss and make it easier for them to use the medications long-term. 

“There is no single solution for all patients,” Ali said. “While some can taper successfully and maintain their results, others require a consistent dose. Most individuals regain significant weight once these medications are stopped.”

Of the participants, 21 were using tirzepatide (Mounjaro and Zepbound), and nine were using semaglutide. 

The reduction in injection frequency was led by the individuals, with 24 participants reporting a minimum of 2 weeks between injections. The longest interval was 6 weeks apart. The other six participants reported a frequency of 10 to 14 days. 

Participants maintained a reduced dosing frequency for an average of 36 weeks. 

Nearly every participant maintained the same BMI following the reduced frequency. Only four saw a slight regain, with the largest increase being 8 lbs.

Many participants even saw a slight reduction in their body mass index (BMI). 

Improvements in other health markers, such as blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar, were also experienced by most participants.

“I have patients who have lost 50 to 70 pounds during their nearly two-year weight loss journey,” said Victoria Finn, MD, board certified endocrinologist with Medical Offices of Manhattan and contributor to LabFinder, who wasn’t involved in the study.

“To find the lowest effective dose for maintaining their achieved target weight, we gradually decrease the dose and reduce the frequency of dosing,” she told Healthline.

Finn noted that while “GLP-1 medications are incredibly powerful tools,” they should “not be considered magic wands,” and should always be “combined with regular physical activities and dietary adjustments” for the best results.

Ali noted that people with obesity should view it as a “chronic, long-term disease — similar to hypertension or diabetes.”

“Those using GLP-1 medications should approach them as a long-term treatment plan,” Ali said.

Tapering GLP-1s may not be effective for everyone

Experts note that the findings of this study are based on a very small sample, and tapering GLP-1 medications may not be an effective strategy for everyone.

For example, even in the recent study, four people returned to their original dosing schedule after they began regaining weight. 

Nevertheless, tapering GLP-1 medications may be a preferable option to stopping altogether for some people.

“Stopping cold turkey is not recommended. Instead, reducing the frequency of dosing to lower doses is the best way to maintain results and reduce the financial burden of treatment,” Finn said. 

If reduced doses of GLP-1 drugs prove viable for more people, the strategy may be a game-changer for obesity treatment.

“Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings and may help address concerns about indefinite therapy, lower healthcare costs, ease supply constraints, and broaden access to GLP-1 medications to improve public health,” said the researchers.

Sunday, March 29, 2026 – Researchers believe that high doses of semaglutide may reduce blood flow to the optic nerve, which could lead to eye stroke. Maria Korneeva/Getty Images

A new study has found that the GLP-1 drug Wegovy is linked with a higher risk of “eye stroke,” especially in men.

Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) is a rare but serious condition that can cause vision loss or even blindness.

Semaglutide drugs like Wegovy may pose a greater risk of ION than Ozempic due to higher doses used for weight loss.

Doctors say the risk is small, but there are steps you can take to reduce the risk even further.

A new study has raised concerns about a rare but serious eye condition linked to a popular class of GLP-1 medications used to treat obesity and diabetes, especially those containing semaglutide. 

Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION), known colloquially as an “eye stroke,” can cause sudden vision loss and even blindness. 

The study found that certain formulations of semaglutide, particularly Wegovy, the higher-dose version, may carry a higher risk of this vision-threatening side effect, especially in men. 

The findings, published on March 10 in the British Journal of Ophthalmology, highlight the need for doctors and patients to be aware of potential risks.

The authors called for further research to better understand the safety of these drugs, which are widely prescribed for weight loss.

Semaglutide linked to rare eye disorder

To investigate this possible link, researchers analyzed more than 30 million reports from the FDA’s public database of adverse drug events, spanning late 2017 to the end of 2024. 

This database collects reports from patients, doctors, and drug manufacturers about side effects and complications experienced after taking medications. 

The researchers focused on reports where a GLP-1 receptor agonist was suspected to be involved in cases of ischemic optic neuropathy.

Semaglutide comes in different forms, including Ozempic, a weekly injection used primarily for type 2 diabetes; Wegovy, a weekly injection for obesity at a higher dose; and Rybelsus, a daily pill for type 2 diabetes. 

The study examined each formulation separately to see if the risk of vision problems differed. They also looked at tirzepatide, a newer drug that works on similar pathways but in a slightly different way, as well as common diabetes medications like metformin and insulin for comparison.

The team used statistical methods designed to detect whether a particular drug was reported more frequently with ischemic optic neuropathy than would be expected by chance. 

They also adjusted their analysis to account for differences in age and sex, helping to clarify whether certain groups might be more vulnerable. This approach allowed researchers to identify patterns in the data despite the rarity of the condition and the complex background of patients using these drugs.

Out of the tens of millions of reports examined, about 31,000 involved semaglutide. 

Wegovy’s higher dose may affect blood flow to optic nerve

The obesity drug Wegovy showed the strongest link to ischemic optic neuropathy, even though it had fewer overall reports than Ozempic, the diabetes formulation. 

The higher dose of Wegovy likely plays a role, as it leads to greater systemic exposure and faster weight loss, which might affect blood flow to the optic nerve.

Males appeared to be at higher risk than females, with the data showing a notably stronger association in male patients taking Wegovy. 

No cases were reported with the oral form of semaglutide (Rybelsus), which is absorbed more slowly and in smaller amounts, suggesting that the way the drug is delivered and its dose matter.

Tirzepatide, another drug in this class but with a different mechanism, showed no significant association with vision problems despite achieving even greater improvements in blood sugar and weight. This may be because tirzepatide acts on two receptors, potentially balancing out effects on blood flow and reducing the chance of ischemic injury to the optic nerve.

The study also found no increased risk with other commonly used diabetes medications like metformin and insulin. This specificity points toward a unique effect of semaglutide, especially at higher doses, rather than a general risk from improving blood sugar or losing weight.

Researchers believe that high dose semaglutide may reduce blood flow to the optic nerve through factors such as fluid loss, low blood pressure — especially at night — and shifts in the body’s vascular system. These changes could make the optic nerve more vulnerable to damage. However, the exact biological link remains to be confirmed in future studies.

Because the FDA’s database relies on voluntary reporting, the numbers do not reflect how often the problem actually occurs. Still, the clear pattern seen with Wegovy and the higher risk in men suggest that doctors should monitor patients carefully, especially those receiving the higher doses for obesity. 

More detailed studies are needed to understand who is most at risk and how to prevent this serious complication.

Gradual weight loss may lower eye stroke risk

Hector Perez, MD, a board certified bariatric surgeon at Renew Bariatrics and an advisor at BestSurgeons.com, who was not involved in the study, said that while the risk for ION is worth monitoring, the study is very small.

“Untreated obesity, diabetes, and vascular disease damage vision far more commonly than semaglutide does,” he told Healthline.

However, Perez noted that there are still several steps you can take to reduce your risk for this side effect.

He advised that you avoid extremely rapid early weight loss. “Gradual caloric reduction helps prevent sudden drops in blood pressure or perfusion,” he said.

Perez further stated the importance of staying well hydrated, explaining that when people’s appetites are suppressed, they often tend to reduce their fluid intake as well. However, this can worsen optic nerve perfusion, he said.

He additionally suggested that you speak with your doctor about screening for sleep apnea and reviewing any nighttime blood pressure medication.

“Excessively low nocturnal BP is a known risk factor for optic nerve ischemia,” he cautioned.

Diala Alatassi, MD, an obesity medicine physician at TeleSlim Clinic, who was also not a part of the study, added that if you have multiple health conditions along with obesity, it’s wise to start low and titrate your dose up slowly.

She further noted that it’s best to consult with an experienced weight loss doctor rather than purchasing medications online and self-titrating.

Alatassi recommended staying up to date with your eye health. “Patients, especially diabetics, should get yearly eye exams to get a baseline prior to starting such medications,” she said.

Finally, Alatassi, stressed the importance of always following your doctor’s instructions.

“These are prescription medications,” she said. “Just like other medications, if used inappropriately, they can have unfortunate outcomes.”

Sunday, March 29, 2026 – New research highlights a need for earlier, more tailored interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes in young adults with prediabetes. Klaus Vedfelt/Getty Images

Researchers found that type 2 diabetes risk varies among adults ages 18 to 40.

Those with high fasting glucose, especially if they qualified for GLP-1 treatment, had higher risk.

These findings suggest that tailored interventions may be most beneficial.

Experts say it’s wise to have screening done since prediabetes may have no symptoms.

Steps like diet, exercise, good sleep, and stress reduction may help prevent type 2 diabetes.

More than 115 million people in the United States have prediabetes, but an estimated 80% of this group may not be aware they have the condition.

Now, a new study has revealed that the risk of developing type 2 diabetes among adults ages 18 to 40 with prediabetes varies widely.

The findings show that young adults with high fasting glucose levels, especially those who meet criteria for treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) medications, face significantly higher risks of progressing to type 2 diabetes within five years. 

According to the researchers, these findings suggest the need for earlier, more tailored interventions to prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes and its serious complications, such as heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke. They note that this challenges the current one-size-fits-all approach to prevention.

The research hasn’t yet been published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal, but is being presented at the American Heart Association’s EPI|Lifestyle Scientific Sessions 2026 on March 17–20.

Diagnosing prediabetes and managing high blood sugar can prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes. Early treatment and lifestyle changes are crucial.

Risk factors that may lead to type 2 diabetes

The study analyzed data from 662 young adults ages 18 to 40 with prediabetes, who were followed for an average of 7 years.

These individuals were drawn from three well-established U.S.-based cohorts: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, and the Framingham Heart Study Third Generation. 

The research team focused on fasting glucose levels to define prediabetes, specifically levels ranging from 100 to 125 mg/dL. However, hemoglobin A1c data, which measure average blood glucose over the past two to three months, were not available for this analysis.

In addition to glucose measurements, investigators collected comprehensive health information, including body mass index (BMI), lipid profiles, and blood pressure readings, taken during study visits from 1985 to 2011, prior to the FDA approval of GLP-1RA medications for weight management. 

The researchers applied existing FDA criteria for prescribing GLP-1 drugs for weight loss, which include a BMI of 30 kg/m² or higher (obesity), or a BMI of 27 kg/m² or higher (overweight) combined with at least one weight-related health condition, such as high cholesterol or high blood pressure.

Using these criteria, the team estimated the five-year risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes. This risk stratification aimed to identify subgroups within the prediabetic population who might benefit from more intensive lifestyle interventions or pharmacologic treatment. 

The authors noted that the study’s design, while robust in terms of follow-up length and population diversity, was limited by the absence of hemoglobin A1c measurements and by the lack of GLP-1RA medications during participants’ follow-up period.

5-year risk for type 2 diabetes higher for some groups

Overall, the analysis found that the five-year risk of progressing from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes among young adults was 7.5%. 

However, this risk was not uniform across all participants. Those who met the eligibility criteria for GLP-1RA treatment due to obesity or overweight status plus a related condition exhibited a higher risk of 10.9%. 

The risk escalated further to 15.1% for individuals with fasting glucose levels at the higher end of the prediabetic range (110-125 mg/dL). 

Among those with both elevated fasting glucose and GLP-1RA treatment eligibility, the five-year risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes was nearly one in four (24.8%).

These findings highlight significant variability in diabetes risk among young adults with prediabetes as well as the inadequacy of treating all patients with prediabetes in the same manner.

According to Mary Rooney, PhD, MPH, the study’s lead author and an assistant research professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, identifying those at highest risk through blood tests and clinical risk factors could help guide early interventions, including lifestyle modifications and, where appropriate, drug therapy.

The study also raises important considerations about the potential role of GLP-1RA medications.

This class of diabetes and weight loss medications is not currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for diabetes prevention, even in high risk young adults with prediabetes with overweight or obesity.

However, the researchers say the cost-effectiveness and long-term benefits of such an approach remain uncertain.

Lifestyle changes can reduce type 2 diabetes risk

Bryan Henry, FNP, PhD, president of PeterMD, who was not involved in the research, said that younger people should know that even if they feel well, it doesn’t mean they don’t have metabolic issues.

“People with prediabetes can go years before they feel like something is wrong with them,” he said. “It’s common to feel good but have your body working poorly.”

However, high fasting glucose levels can damage blood vessels, increase inflammation, and strain your pancreas.

“From this study, we need to recognize that some metabolic changes occur without our signs, which is why it is so very important to regularly screen and become aware of this issue as soon as possible after we reach early adulthood,” explained Henry.

Henry further stressed the important roles that sleep quality and stress management play in maintaining blood sugar regulation.

“When we experience poor sleep or ongoing stress, the body releases higher levels of cortisol, a hormone that can raise blood glucose levels and worsen insulin resistance,” he said.

“I often emphasize that metabolic health is dependent upon much more than just what we eat and how we exercise; it also depends on achieving an optimal hormonal balance.”

Henry advised establishing regular sleep routines and practicing good stress-reducing behaviors to keep prediabetes from advancing to type 2 diabetes.

Jamie Bovay, DPT, a physical therapist, strength and longevity coach, and owner of KinetikChain Denver, who wasn’t involved in the study, said that investing in muscle mass and metabolic flexibility can help support a healthy metabolism.

“For young adults with prediabetes, focus on regular heavy resistance work to preserve and build muscle, consistent low intensity cardio (zone 2) to support fat burning, and one to two short higher-intensity sessions per week to maintain cardiovascular capacity,” Bovay told Healthline.

“If you can focus on building strength, cardiovascular capacity, and consistency through lower intensity cardio, you can give your body the tools it needs to not only fight off diabetes, but live a healthy and long life as well,” he said.

Finally, the American Heart Association (AHA) recommends eating meals rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, beans, nuts, and lean proteins, and drinking plenty of water.

The AHA also advises avoiding sugary foods and drinks, red meat, salty foods, and highly processed foods, including processed meats.

Sunday, March 29, 2026 – Stopping GLP-1s can quickly reverse the cardiovascular benefits gained while taking them. Image Credit: the_burtons/Getty Images

A recent study found that stopping GLP-1s, such as Ozempic or Wegovy, can reverse the cardiovascular benefits they provide. 

The findings show that stopping the medications for as little as 6 months raises the risk of heart attack and stroke. 

GLP-1s have been proven to offer not only benefits for type 2 diabetes and weight loss, but also cardiovascular health. 

GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy have become popular medications for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity. This class of medications may also offer significant cardiovascular benefits. 

A recent study published in BMJ Medicine found that when people stop using GLP-1s, they not only tend to regain weight, but they also may experience an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and even death. 

Around 1 in 8 adults in the United States is currently taking a GLP-1 medication.

“There is enormous exuberance about starting GLP-1 drugs, but not nearly enough attention to what happens when people stop,” senior study author Ziyad Al-Aly, MD, a Washington University School of Medicine clinical epidemiologist and chief of the Research and Development Service at the VA Saint Louis Health Care System, said in a press release.

Stopping GLP-1s raises cardiovascular risk

The researchers noted that many people who use these medications quit them after a short time, typically due to cost, side effects, or shortages.

They wanted to understand the consequences of discontinuing GLP-1 use, particularly on cardiovascular health. 

The study analyzed 333,687 veterans. It compared 132,551 individuals who were prescribed a GLP-1 medication to help manage type 2 diabetes with 201,136 who were prescribed sulfonylureas, another type of medication for diabetes. The researchers followed the participants’ outcomes for 3 years. 

Sulfonylureas include the medications: 

glipizide (Glucotrol)

glimepiride (Amaryl)

glyburide (Diabeta and others)

The researchers checked participants’ GLP-1 treatment status every 6 months.

Over the course of the study, 26% of participants stopped taking the medication, and 23% had an interruption of 6 months or more, followed by resuming treatment. 

The research team found a positive relationship between continuous use of GLP-1s and fewer cardiovascular events.  

“GLP-1 drugs likely help cardiovascular health through several pathways at once, not just by lowering weight,” said Robert Glatter, MD, attending physician in the Department of Emergency Medicine at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, and assistant professor of Emergency Medicine at Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/ Northwell, who was not involved in the study. 

“They improve blood sugar control, modestly lower blood pressure, may improve lipid and vascular function, and seem to reduce inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque growth and progression,” Glatter told Healthline.

“Some evidence also points to direct protective effects on the heart and blood vessels independent of weight loss. In practical terms, they appear to reduce the underlying process of inflammation that drives heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure over time,” he explained.

At the end of the study, compared with those who took sulfonylureas, participants who continuously used GLP-1s over the 3-year period had the most pronounced risk reduction. This group saw 18% fewer major cardiovascular events. 

Participants who had taken GLP-1s for 2 or 2.5 years before discontinuing use for the remainder of the study also saw a significant reduction in risk of 7% and 15%, respectively.

Those who took GLP-1s for 18 months or less before discontinuing did not experience a significant reduction in risk.

The study showed that an interruption of GLP-1 use of just 6 months before resuming treatment was enough to significantly decrease the cardiovascular benefit. It led to a 4% to 8% increase in risk compared with those with continuous use. 

Discontinued use of 1 to 2 years without resuming resulted in a 14% to 22% increased risk of a cardiovascular event, compared with continuous use. 

This shows that cardiovascular benefits gained while using GLP-1s are quickly lost when a person stops taking the medication. 

“The main message is that GLP-1 therapy behaves more like a long-term risk-reduction treatment than a short-term fix. The study reinforces a broader lesson in chronic disease management: benefits that accumulate slowly can be lost surprisingly fast when treatment is interrupted, so persistence and follow-up truly matter,” said Glatter. 

How can you stop taking GLP-1s safely? 

GLP-1 medications include semaglutides (Ozempic, Wegovy) and tirzepatides (Mounjaro, Zepbound).

If you are taking a GLP-1 medication and are considering discontinuing it, you should first speak with your healthcare professional. 

“When patients use GLP-1 medications primarily for weight loss, I caution them that it is very easy to regain the weight when these medications are discontinued and subsequently lose the health benefits gained from achieving a healthy weight,” said Mir Ali, MD, bariatric surgeon and medical director of MemorialCare Surgical Weight Loss Center at Orange Coast Medical Center in Fountain Valley, CA, who was not involved in the study. 

If you suddenly stop taking a GLP-1, like a semaglutide, you may experience withdrawal symptoms. These may include nausea, increased appetite, weight gain, and cardiovascular changes, like elevated blood pressure. 

Tapering off the medication slowly may allow your body to gradually adjust to having less support from the GLP-1 medication. 

It is also important to maintain your healthy eating habits and get regular physical activity when stopping these medications. This helps you maintain your weight loss.  

“Obesity should be viewed as a chronic, long-term disease that requires long-term treatment,” said Ali.

Sunday, March 29, 2026 – New research suggests that GLP-1s could offer dual benefits for treating both metabolic and mental health issues. Catherine Falls Commercial/Getty Images

A new study found that people taking GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy had a lower risk of worsening depression and anxiety.

The participants also had fewer hospitalizations and required less sick leave from their jobs.

Experts say the drugs’ effects on dopamine signaling and brain inflammation could account for the benefits.

It’s too soon to recommend GLP-1s as a primary treatment for mental health disorders. Further clinical trials are still needed.

Researchers say people living with diabetes often face a higher risk of developing mental health conditions.

Now, a large national study from Sweden found that certain medications commonly prescribed for diabetes and weight loss — specifically GLP-1 receptor agonists like Ozempic and Wegovy — may also help reduce the risk of worsening mental illness in people with anxiety or depression.

The findings, published in the April issue of The Lancet Psychiatry, offer hope for dual benefits in treating both metabolic and mental health issues. While promising, the researchers caution that further clinical trials are needed.

Effects of GLP-1 drugs on mental health disorders

The study analyzed health data from 95,490 people in Sweden who were diagnosed with depression, anxiety, or both, and were also prescribed diabetes medications between 2009 and 2022. 

The researchers focused on a class of drugs called GLP-1 receptor agonists. These medications help control blood sugar and reduce appetite by mimicking the body’s natural GLP-1 hormone.

Four specific GLP-1 medications were examined: semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic, Rybelsus), liraglutide (Saxenda), exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon BCise), and dulaglutide (Trulicity).

The study compared periods when individuals were taking these medications to periods when they were not, using a “within-individual” design. This approach means each person acted as their own control, reducing the influence of factors like age, gender, or overall health that do not change over time.

Data were gathered from national electronic health registers, including hospital admissions, sick leave records, and death registries, allowing researchers to track worsening mental health events. 

The primary outcome was a composite measure that included psychiatric hospitalizations, extended sick leave for psychiatric reasons, hospitalization due to self-harm, or death by suicide.

Secondary outcomes examined worsening of depression or anxiety separately, substance use disorders, and self-harm incidents. 

The study also compared GLP-1 receptor agonists with other second-line diabetes medications like empagliflozin (Jardiance), dapagliflozin (Farxiga), and sitagliptin (Januvia) to see how these medications stacked up against each other in terms of mental health effects.

Statistical models adjusted for time-varying factors such as the order and duration of medication use and concurrent treatment with other psychiatric or antidiabetic drugs. 

The aim was to isolate the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on mental health as much as possible within the observational data.

Ozempic, Wegovy lower risk of worsening mental illness

Over an average follow-up of 5.2 years, about 23.5% of the cohort used GLP-1 receptor agonists, with semaglutide and liraglutide being the most common. 

The study revealed that use of semaglutide was associated with a 42% lower risk of worsening mental illness compared to periods when the same individuals were not taking GLP-1 receptor agonists. 

Liraglutide also showed a beneficial effect, though less pronounced, with an 18% reduced risk. In contrast, exenatide and dulaglutide did not show significant associations with mental health outcomes.

When looking at specific mental health conditions, semaglutide use was linked to significantly lower risks of worsening depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Liraglutide was associated primarily with reduced risk of worsening depression. Additionally, GLP-1 receptor agonists as a group were associated with a lower risk of self-harm.

Compared directly with other second-line antidiabetic medications, semaglutide was again associated with better mental health outcomes, suggesting its benefits extend beyond glucose control alone. The study also found that these associations held true even when accounting for factors such as sex and the type of mental health diagnosis at study entry.

Additionally, the reduced risk of worsening mental illness was reflected not only in fewer psychiatric hospitalizations but also in reduced sick leave due to mental health reasons, which has implications for work capacity and quality of life.

The researchers took care to rule out potential biases, such as effects due to the sequence of medication use or carryover effects between treatment periods. Their analyses remained consistent when excluding initial days after starting or stopping medication and when focusing on medication use after official approval dates.

GLP-1s may offer dual benefits for metabolic, mental health

Lauren Grawert, MD, clinical advisor at The Garden New Jersey, said it’s believed that GLP-1 medications can provide psychiatric benefits because they can cross the blood-brain barrier and bind to brain regions associated with the reward system. Grawert wasn’t involved in the study.

“These medications may affect the way the brain responds to dopamine signals in these areas, decreasing the overactive reward response that drives impulsivity and cravings for substances,” she told Healthline.

Still, GLP-1s may also exert anti-inflammatory effects on the central nervous system, reducing brain inflammation, which has been linked with depression and anxiety, Grawert said.

“As a result, semaglutide may help stabilize mood and improve emotional regulation by addressing these underlying biological processes in addition to its effects on metabolism,” she explained.

Looking at the implications for treating patients, Jason Kirby, Chief Medical Officer at Recovery Centers of America, said that GLP-1 medications could help people with metabolic and psychiatric disorders, possibly reducing hospitalizations and functional impairment associated with conditions like depression and anxiety. Kirby wasn’t involved in the study.

“However, this was an observational study, so it does not establish causality, and GLP-1 agents should not yet be considered primary treatments for depression or anxiety,” he told Healthline.

According to Kirby, these findings reinforce the importance of integrated care. He said the research represents “a promising avenue for future research at the intersection of psychiatry, addiction medicine, and metabolic health.”

Sunday, March 29, 2026 – The FDA has approved a higher dose of Wegovy, which promises greater weight loss. Image Credit: Bloomberg/Getty Images

The FDA has approved a higher dose version of the GLP-1 drug Wegovy for weight loss. 

The new dose is 7.2 milligrams per weekly injection, compared to the original 2.4 milligrams per week. 

A higher Wegovy dose could lead to greater weight loss, but it could come with side effects.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new, higher dose version of the weight loss drug Wegovy on March 19. 

This new version, called Wegovy HD, will have a dosage of 7.2 milligrams, administered weekly by injection. Before the higher dose was approved, the weekly shot was 2.4 milligrams. 

Novo Nordisk developed the higher dose because, while the 2.4 mg shot has been effective, “some individuals do not reach their therapeutic goals” at that dose, according to a 2025 trial. 

The FDA approved the higher dose version of the GLP-1 medication just 54 days after filing. It represented the fourth approval under the Commissioner’s National Priority Voucher (CNPV) pilot program. 

“The new FDA is moving with unprecedented efficiency on products that advance national priorities,” said FDA Commissioner Martin Makary, MD, MPH said in a press release. “Today’s approval is another demonstration of what the FDA can accomplish when we try bold new things.”

Higher dose Wegovy could lead to 25% more weight loss

During the STEP UP phase 3b trial in 2025, the higher 7.2 mg dose of Wegovy gave an average weight loss of 18.7%. Around 1 in 3 participants saw at least a 25% weight loss. 

The FDA stated that the higher dose of Wegovy was supported by clinical data showing a safety profile consistent with the known side effects of semaglutide. 

“I’m cautiously optimistic,” said Meghan Garcia-Webb, MD, triple board certified in internal medicine, lifestyle medicine, and obesity medicine. Garcia-Webb wasn’t involved in the trial.

“This has already been approved in the E.U. and the U.K. Overall, the safety data showed that serious adverse events were actually a little bit lower for the 7.2 mg group, but as always, we will have to see how this plays out in real clinical practice,” she told Healthline.

The most common side effects of Wegovy include gastrointestinal effects, such as:

nausea

diarrhea

constipation

vomiting

abdominal pain

Reports of altered skin sensations, such as sensitivity, pain, or burning, occurred more frequently at higher doses of Wegovy.

However, these side effects generally resolve on their own or with a dose reduction. 

“Many times patients will have a flare-up of side effects when they increase a dose that subsequently improves over the following weeks to months,” said Garcia-Webb.

Higher doses of Wegovy linked to eye stroke risk

Recent research found that there may be a higher risk of ischemic optic neuropathy (ION), or “eye stroke,” with higher doses of Wegovy, especially in males.  

ION can cause sudden vision loss or blindness. 

This higher risk may be due in part to the higher dose, which leads to greater systemic exposure and faster weight loss. This may affect the blood flow to the optic nerve. 

“There’s still a lot of research to be done related to the risk of NAION and semaglutide.  It is wise to be especially cautious for patients who would be taking the highest dose,” said Garcia-Webb.  

“I always counsel patients to make sure their ophthalmologist is OK with them taking semaglutide if they have any pre-existing eye conditions,” she added. 

The FDA’s database relies on voluntary reporting. This means the numbers do not reflect how often the problem actually occurs.

Still, the clear pattern seen with Wegovy and the higher risk in males suggests that doctors should monitor patients carefully, especially those receiving the higher doses for obesity.

What to consider when choosing Wegovy

Wegovy lists the following as the most common side effects: 

nausea, upset stomach, or vomiting

diarrhea or constipation

headache or dizziness

stomach pain

fatigue

feeling bloated, belching, or having gas

heartburn

runny nose or sore throat

low blood sugar in those with type 2 diabetes

These side effects are generally mild. 

You should discuss any side effects that bother you or that don’t go away with your healthcare professional. 

Other factors to consider include the cost and the long-term use of the medication, which may be required to maintain weight loss and other health benefits.

Wednesday, March 11, 2026 – The FDA has issued a warning letter to Novo Nordisk saying the maker of Ozempic and Wegovy failed to report potential side effects in patients who took the medications. The agency cited three deaths among patients, including one who died by suicide. The FDA says the company did not report the deaths within the agency’s required time and that it also failed to investigate or report the suicide.

Friday, January 16, 2026 – Here’s a summary of the major announcements and trends from the 44th Annual JP Morgan Healthcare Conference in San Francisco (January 12–15, 2026) specifically in the areas of obesity, weight-loss drugs, metabolic disease, and adjacent…