This paper presents an observational, retrospective cohort study comparing the incidence of obesity-related cancer (ORC) in adults with obesity and diabetes treated with first-generation GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) versus bariatric metabolic surgery (BMS). The research, based on Israeli health service data, found a similar incidence of ORC between the two treatment groups over a median follow-up of 7.5 years. Notably, the study suggests that GLP-1 RAs may offer a relative risk reduction for ORC compared to BMS that goes beyond the effects of weight loss, potentially due to other mechanisms like reducing inflammation. The authors acknowledge the need for future, larger studies to confirm these findings and investigate the underlying biological pathways.
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