Kidney – CancerObesityConnection.org

Kidney Cancer - Obesity Reviews, Recent Papers, and Clinical Trials

To see all 4 Reviews, go directly to PubMed.

REVIEWS from PubMed – November 11, 2023 – Obesity (in title) AND Cancer (in title) AND Kidney (in title) AND Review

Research progress on the correlation between obesity and the occurrence and development of kidney cancer: a narrative review November 11, 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiology shows that the high rates of kidney cancer and obesity coincide in terms of region and ethnicity. The underlying mechanisms associated with obesity in promoting the occurrence and development of kidney cancer mainly include: abnormal expression of adipocytokines, abnormal lipid metabolism, abnormalities in the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis and hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance, hypoxia […]
Le Kang
Obesity and Kidney Cancer December 3, 2016
Renal cell cancer (RCC) is the major type of kidney cancer with increasing incidence. Obesity is one of the well-established risk factors for RCC. Meta-analyses including multiple cohort and case-control studies have found a consistent positive association between obesity and RCC. The association appeared to be independent of other RCC risk factors including hypertension and […]
Kathryn M Wilson
Obesity and kidney cancer risk in women: a meta-analysis (1992-2008) July 31, 2009
We conducted a quantitative summary analysis to assess whether obesity carries higher relative risk in women than men. The studies included in this quantitative review were all cohort and case-control studies, which provided information on kidney cancer risk associated with obesity/overweight, published between 1992 and 2008. The details of studies have been identified through searches […]
Aleyamma Mathew
Obesity and kidney cancer risk in men: a meta-analysis (1992-2008) June 23, 2009
We conducted a quantitative summary analysis to evaluate the recent evidence of kidney cancer risk according to body mass index (BMI) among men. The studies included in this quantitative review were all cohort and case-control studies, which provided information on kidney cancer risk associated with obesity/overweight, published between 1992 and 2008. The details of studies […]
Grata Ildaphonse
Obesity, interrelated mechanisms, and exposures and kidney cancer January 5, 2002
Obesity has been shown to increase the risk or be associated with numerous conditions from cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes to erectile dysfunction and osteoarthritis. Obesity may also be associated with numerous cancers, and kidney cancer or renal-cell cancer (RCC) may have one of the strongest correlations to obesity compared with cancer at any […]
M A Moyad

To see all 19 Papers, go directly to PubMed.

RECENT PAPERS from PubMed – November 11, 2023 – Obesity (in title) AND Cancer (in title) AND kidney (in title)

Is early-life obesity associated with kidney cancer in adulthood?-insights from genetic studies April 14, 2025
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides MR evidence supporting a causal association between early-life obesity and KIC. Our findings suggest that reducing obesity in early life may have a potential positive impact on the prevention of KIC.
Song Yang
Research progress on the correlation between obesity and the occurrence and development of kidney cancer: a narrative review November 11, 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiology shows that the high rates of kidney cancer and obesity coincide in terms of region and ethnicity. The underlying mechanisms associated with obesity in promoting the occurrence and development of kidney cancer mainly include: abnormal expression of adipocytokines, abnormal lipid metabolism, abnormalities in the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis and hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance, hypoxia […]
Le Kang
A comparison of analytic approaches for investigating the obesity paradox in kidney cancer February 14, 2023
CONCLUSIONS: Populations characterized by high adult BMI will likely experience greater population burdens of mortality from kidney cancer, partially because of higher rates of kidney cancer diagnosis. Questions regarding overall mortality burden and post-diagnosis cancer survivorship are distinct and require different study designs.
Linnea T Olsson
Implications of metabolic health status and obesity on the risk of kidney cancer: A nationwide population-based cohort study November 7, 2022
CONCLUSIONS: Maintaining or restoring metabolic health should be stressed upon in obese patients to reduce the risk of kidney cancer.
Yun Kyung Cho
Cumulative obesity exposure increases the risk of kidney cancer: a longitudinal nationwide cohort study November 12, 2021
Obesity is one of the most important prognostic factors of kidney cancer. However, little is known regarding the cumulative impacts of obesity on kidney cancer risk. We aimed to analyze the dose- and time-dependent impact of obesity on kidney cancer risk using the Korean National Health Insurance System database. This longitudinal nationwide cohort study used […]
Yong Hyun Park
The immunosuppressive phenotype of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils is associated with obesity in kidney cancer patients April 22, 2020
Infiltrating tumor neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells represent major populations in the tumor microenvironment that contribute to tumor progression. However, the phenotype of circulating and tumor-associated neutrophils, and the impact of cancer patients' metabolic state on neutrophil function need further characterization. Here we show that in kidney cancer patients, circulating neutrophils display an altered immature-like […]
Camilla Margaroli
Obesity, abdominal obesity and subsequent risk of kidney cancer: a cohort study of 23.3 million East Asians June 25, 2019
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated positive associations of BMI and WC with kidney cancer risk. General and abdominal obesity may be risk factors of kidney cancer.
Ga Eun Nam
The Interface of Pancreatic Cancer With Diabetes, Obesity, and Inflammation: Research Gaps and Opportunities: Summary of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop April 28, 2018
A workshop on "The Interface of Pancreatic Cancer with Diabetes, Obesity, and Inflammation: Research Gaps and Opportunities" was held by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases on October 12, 2017. The purpose of the workshop was to explore the relationship and possible mechanisms of the increased risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma […]
James L Abbruzzese
Twist2 and CD24 expression alters renal microenvironment in obesity associated kidney cancer February 10, 2018
CONCLUSIONS: The correlation between Twist2 and CD24 expression conclude that Twist2 overexpression in initial stage augments CD24 to express more in the latter stage of kidney cancer. Reversely, the overexpression of CD24 and down-regulation of Twist2 in later stages of kidney cancer suggest the CD24 expression is dependent on Twist2 expression level.
X-F Yang
The value of complementing administrative data with abstracted information on smoking and obesity: A study in kidney cancer June 28, 2017
CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of data on smoking and obesity marginally influences survival models in kidney cancer studies using administrative data.
Madhur Nayan
Kidney cancer: Methylation of obesity-related genes is associated with prognosis June 14, 2017
No abstract
Peter Sidaway
Obesity and Kidney Cancer December 3, 2016
Renal cell cancer (RCC) is the major type of kidney cancer with increasing incidence. Obesity is one of the well-established risk factors for RCC. Meta-analyses including multiple cohort and case-control studies have found a consistent positive association between obesity and RCC. The association appeared to be independent of other RCC risk factors including hypertension and […]
Kathryn M Wilson
Hypertension and obesity and the risk of kidney cancer in 2 large cohorts of US men and women March 19, 2014
Kidney cancer incidence is increasing globally. Reasons for this rise are unclear but could relate to obesity and hypertension. We analyzed longitudinal relationships between hypertension and obesity and kidney cancer incidence in 156 774 participants of the Women's Health Initiative clinical trials and observational studies over 10.8 years. In addition, we examined the effect of […]
Kristen M Sanfilippo
Obesity that makes kidney cancer more likely but helps fight it more strongly November 29, 2013
No abstract
Lin Li
Obesity is associated with improved survival in patients with organ-confined clear-cell kidney cancer July 24, 2010
CONCLUSION: We identified overweight as an independent prognostic marker of improved cancer specific survival in patients with organ-confined but not advanced RCC. Basic research is required to resolve the dilemma of why, if a higher BMI predisposes to RCC, it concurrently prolongs survival after patients have undergone (partial) nephrectomy.
Sandra Waalkes
Obesity and kidney cancer risk in women: a meta-analysis (1992-2008) July 31, 2009
We conducted a quantitative summary analysis to assess whether obesity carries higher relative risk in women than men. The studies included in this quantitative review were all cohort and case-control studies, which provided information on kidney cancer risk associated with obesity/overweight, published between 1992 and 2008. The details of studies have been identified through searches […]
Aleyamma Mathew
Obesity and kidney cancer risk in men: a meta-analysis (1992-2008) June 23, 2009
We conducted a quantitative summary analysis to evaluate the recent evidence of kidney cancer risk according to body mass index (BMI) among men. The studies included in this quantitative review were all cohort and case-control studies, which provided information on kidney cancer risk associated with obesity/overweight, published between 1992 and 2008. The details of studies […]
Grata Ildaphonse
Obesity, high energy intake, lack of physical activity, and the risk of kidney cancer December 14, 2006
The authors conducted a population-based case-control study of 810 cases with histologically confirmed incident kidney cancer and 3,106 controls to assess the effect of obesity, energy intake, and recreational physical activity on renal cell and non-renal cell cancer risk in Canada from 1994 to 1997. Compared with normal body mass index (BMI; 18.5 to or=30.0 […]
Sai Yi Pan
Obesity, interrelated mechanisms, and exposures and kidney cancer January 5, 2002
Obesity has been shown to increase the risk or be associated with numerous conditions from cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes to erectile dysfunction and osteoarthritis. Obesity may also be associated with numerous cancers, and kidney cancer or renal-cell cancer (RCC) may have one of the strongest correlations to obesity compared with cancer at any […]
M A Moyad
Obesity, hypertension, and the risk of kidney cancer in men November 4, 2000
CONCLUSIONS: Higher body-mass index and elevated blood pressure independently increase the long-term risk of renal-cell cancer in men. A reduction in blood pressure lowers the risk.
W H Chow

Clinical Trials involving Kidney Cancer and Obesity

NCT Number	Study Title	Study URL	Acronym	Study Status	Interventions	Sponsor	Collaborators	Enrollment	Study Type	Locations
NCT05398783	A Natural History Study of Metabolic Sizing in Health and Disease	https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05398783		RECRUITING		National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)		2000	OBSERVATIONAL	National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States
NCT02143830	HSCT for Patients With Fanconi Anemia Using Risk-Adjusted Chemotherapy	https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02143830	RAFA	RECRUITING	DRUG: Busulfan\|DRUG: Cyclophosphamide\|DRUG: Fludarabine\|DRUG: rabbit ATG\|DRUG: G-CSF\|BIOLOGICAL: Peripheral blood stem cell	Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati	Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center\|Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center	70	INTERVENTIONAL	Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10174, United States\|Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, United States\|Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States
NCT00598455	Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Natural History Study: Renal Manifestations	https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00598455		COMPLETED		Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati	Loma Linda University\|Massachusetts General Hospital\|Boston Children's Hospital\|University of Alabama at Birmingham\|University of Pennsylvania\|Connecticut Children's Medical Center\|The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston	450	OBSERVATIONAL	Cincinnati Children's, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, United States
NCT00729560	Effects of Flutamide on Insulin and Glucose Metabolism in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome	https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00729560	PCOS	TERMINATED	DRUG: Flutamide\|DRUG: Placebo	Virginia Commonwealth University	Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)	8	INTERVENTIONAL	Virginia Commonwealth University General Clinical Research Center, Richmond, Virginia, 23298, United States
NCT00758108	Characterization of WAGR Syndrome and Other Chromosome 11 Gene Deletions	https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00758108		COMPLETED		Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)		197	OBSERVATIONAL	National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States
NCT05315908	COVID-19 Testing in Underserved and Vulnerable Populations	https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05315908		TERMINATED	OTHER: Community outreach method	Jesse Nodora		37	INTERVENTIONAL	University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
NCT04534309	Behavioral Weight Loss Program for Cancer Survivors in Maryland	https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04534309	ASPIRE	COMPLETED	BEHAVIORAL: Written Weight Loss Material\|BEHAVIORAL: Weight Loss App\|BEHAVIORAL: Behavioral Lifestyle Weight Loss Intervention (Coaching)	Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins	Maryland Cigarette Restitution Fund	340	INTERVENTIONAL	Johns Hopkins ProHealth, Baltimore, Maryland, 21207, United States
NCT01431326	Pharmacokinetics of Understudied Drugs Administered to Children Per Standard of Care	https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01431326	PTN_POPS	COMPLETED	DRUG: The POPS study is collecting PK data on children prescribed the following drugs of interest per standard of care:	Daniel Benjamin	Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)\|The Emmes Company, LLC	3520	OBSERVATIONAL	Alaska Native Medical Center, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, United States\|Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72202, United States\|University of California at San Diego Medical Center, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States\|Axis Clinical Trials, Los Angeles, California, 90036, United States\|University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States\|The Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, United States\|Yale New Haven Children's Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, 06504, United States\|Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, 19803, United States\|Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, 20010, United States\|University of Florida Jacksonville Shands Medical Center, Jacksonville, Florida, 32209, United States\|Kapiolani Womens and Childrens Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96826, United States\|Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60614, United States\|Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, United States\|University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, Kansas, 66205, United States\|Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States\|Wesley Medical Center, Wichita, Kansas, 67214, United States\|Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, United States\|Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, United States\|Ochsner Baptist Clinical Trials Unit, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70115-6969, United States\|University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, United States\|Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, United States\|University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216, United States\|Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, 64108, United States\|University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59804, United States\|University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, United States\|Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03756, United States\|University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, United States\|UNC Hospital Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States\|Duke University Medical Center (PICU / NICU), Durham, North Carolina, 27710, United States\|Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229-3039, United States\|Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States\|Akron Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, 44313, United States\|Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, United States\|Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97201-2701, United States\|Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, 02903, United States\|Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, United States\|University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29203, United States\|University of Utah Hospitals and Clinics, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, United States\|University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, 05405, United States\|University of Virginia Children's Hospital, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0386, United States\|Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, 98105, United States\|West Virginia University Hospital, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, United States\|Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, United States\|Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Canada\|Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1, Canada\|The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada\|Hospital Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, T3T 1C5, Canada\|Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Tel Aviv, 70300, Israel\|Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, 49202, Israel\|KK Women's and Children's Hospital Pte Ltd, Singapore, 229899, Singapore\|Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom\|Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, Merseyside, L12 2AP, United Kingdom
NCT03600909	A Study of the Effect of Blood Stem Cell Transplant After Chemotherapy Alone in Patients With Fanconi Anemia	https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03600909		TERMINATED	DRUG: Busulfan\|DRUG: Fludarabine\|DRUG: Cyclophosphamide\|DRUG: Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit)\|DEVICE: The CliniMACS device\|DRUG: G-CSF	Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center	Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium	3	INTERVENTIONAL	Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065, United States\|Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, United States\|Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States
NCT01793168	Rare Disease Patient Registry & Natural History Study - Coordination of Rare Diseases at Sanford	https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01793168	CoRDS	RECRUITING		Sanford Health	National Ataxia Foundation\|International WAGR Syndrome Association\|4p- Support Group\|ML4 Foundation\|Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Foundation\|Stickler Involved People\|Kawasaki Disease Foundation\|Klippel-Feil Syndrome Alliance\|Klippel-Feil Syndrome Freedom\|Hyperacusis Research Limited\|Hypersomnia Foundation\|Kabuki Syndrome Network\|Kleine-Levin Syndrome Foundation\|Leiomyosarcoma Direct Research Foundation\|Marinesco-Sjogren Syndrome Support Group - NORD\|Mucolipidosis Type IV (ML4) Foundation\|People with Narcolepsy 4 People with Narcolepsy (PWN4PWN)\|Soft Bones Incorporated\|American Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Support\|Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Foundation\|All Things Kabuki\|Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome Foundation\|Breast Implant Victim Advocates\|PROS Foundation\|American Behcet's Disease Association\|Alstrom United Kingdom\|Athymia\|Curing Retinal Blindness Foundation\|HSAN1E Society\|1p36 Deletion Support and Awareness\|The Alagille Syndrome Alliance\|Autoinflammatory Alliance\|Beyond Batten Disease Foundation\|Bohring-Opitz Syndrome Foundation, INC\|Cockayne Syndrome Network (Share and Care)\|CRMO Foundation\|Cure VCP Disease,INC\|FOD Support\|Cystinosis Research Foundation\|Global DARE Foundation\|Hypnic Jerk-Sleep Myoclonus Support Group\|Jansen's Foundation\|KCNMA1 Channelopathy International Advocacy Foundation\|Kawasaki Disease Foundation Australia\|Life with LEMS Foundation\|Lowe Syndrome Association\|The Malan Syndrome Foundation\|Maple Syrup Urine Disease Family Support Group\|International Association for Muscle Glycogen Storage Disease (IamGSD)\|Myhre Syndrome Foundation\|DNM1 Families\|Nicolaides Baraitser Syndrome (NCBRS) Worldwide Foundation\|The PBCers Organization\|Pitt Hopkins Research Foundation\|Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis Advocacy and Resource Network, Inc\|Recurrent Meningitis Association\|Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Foundation\|Remember the Girls\|Smith-Kingsmore Syndrome Foundation\|SPG Research Foundation\|Team Telomere\|Transient Global Amnesia Project\|The Charlotte & Gwenyth Gray Foundation\|The Cute Syndrome Foundation\|The Maddi Foundation\|White Sutton Syndrome Foundation\|Zmynd11 Gene Disorder\|Cauda Equina Foundation, Inc\|Tango2 Research Foundation\|Noah's Hope - Hope4Bridget Foundation\|Project Sebastian\|SMC1A Epilepsy Foundation\|International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders\|Endosalpingiosis Foundation, Inc\|International Sacral Agenesis/Caudal Regression Association (ISACRA)\|Scheuermann's Disease Fund\|Batten Disease Support and Research Association\|Kennedy's Disease Association\|Cure Mito Foundation\|Warburg Micro Research Foundation\|Cure Mucolipidosis\|Riaan Research Initiative\|CureARS A NJ Nonprofit Corporation\|CACNA1H Alliance\|IMBS Alliance\|SHINE-Syndrome Foundaion\|Non- Ketotic Hyperglycinemia (NKH) Crusaders\|Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration Association (HODA)\|National Organization for Disorders of the Corpus Callosum (NODCC)	20000	OBSERVATIONAL	Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57104, United States\|Online Patient Enrollment System, Sydney, Australia
NCT01047735	The TRIABETES - ARMMS-T2D Study: A Randomized Trial to Compare Surgical and Medical Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes	https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01047735	TRIABETES	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	PROCEDURE: Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery\|PROCEDURE: Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding\|BEHAVIORAL: Lifestyle Weight Loss Intervention	University of Pittsburgh	National Institutes of Health (NIH)\|National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)	69	INTERVENTIONAL	William F Gourash, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States
NCT00868140	Effects of Pioglitazone on Insulin and Glucose Metabolism in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)	https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00868140	PCOS	TERMINATED	DRUG: pioglitazone\|DRUG: Placebo	Virginia Commonwealth University		51	INTERVENTIONAL	Virginia Commonwealth University General Clinical Research Center, Richmond, Virginia, 23298, United States\|Hospital de Clinical Caracas, Caracas, 1071, Venezuela
NCT00683774	Insulin and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome	https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00683774		COMPLETED	DRUG: diazoxide	Virginia Commonwealth University	Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)	21	INTERVENTIONAL	General Clinical Research Center, Richmond, Virginia, 23298, United States
NCT02431676	Survivorship Promotion In Reducing IGF-1 Trial	https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02431676	SPIRIT	COMPLETED	DRUG: Metformin\|BEHAVIORAL: Coach Directed Behavioral Weight Loss\|BEHAVIORAL: Self-control weight loss	Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins	Maryland Cigarette Restitution Fund	121	INTERVENTIONAL	Johns Hopkins ProHealth, Baltimore, Maryland, 21207, United States